Catholic Reform and Counter-Reform

Outline:

A.  The splintering of Protestantism into 27,000 denominations.

“The way of squaring this circle was to suggest that there is something that looks like true faith but is not – temporary faith.”

B.  Catholic revival:  The lives of 23 canonized saints at the same time as the apparition at Guadalupe and papal stability

C.  The reign of Pope Paul III:  three objectives: 

            General Council,

            Reconciling Hapsburgs and France,

            A united front against aggressive Ottoman Turks

D.  Popes Julius III, Marcellus II

E.  The reign of Pope Paul IV

            1.  The life of Gian Pietro Carafa in Spain

            2.  Bishop of Chiete and the Theatine Fathers

            3.  Cardinal-Archbishop of Naples

                        The capuchin reform

            4.  elected pope at 79 years old.  Does not re-assemble Trent; relies on his nephews in the curia to his later embarrassment.  The strict “reforms” of Paul IV.

            5.  at 83, Pope Paul IV apologizes for his nephews

 Questions to Consider:

1.  How did Protestantism splinter into 27,000 denominations?

2.  How does the Great Man theory help to explain the revival of Catholicism in the 1530’s to 1563’s?

3.  Describe the contributions of Popes Paul III, Julius III and Marcellus II.

4.  Describe the varied career of Gian Pietro Carafa.