XXVII. SAINTLY SOLDIER; SOLDIERLY SAINT:  LOUIS IX OF FRANCE

Poissy, April 15, 1215

Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile

Count of Languedoc, Brittany, Ile de France, Henry III of England

Albigensians

Cardinal Frangipani

Marguerite of Provençe

Peace of Bordeaux

“Pastoureaux” and the “Hungarian Master”

Council of Lyon

“pragmatic sanction”

Pope Celestine III:  Those who send of their goods in aid of the Holy Land shall receive pardon of their sins from their bishop on the terms that he shall prescribe.

Lateran Council IV:  plenary indulgence: “in proportion to their means”

Clerical Tithe until Council of Tour, 1163

Cyprus to Damietta to Cairo (SEVENTH CRUSADE)

Curia Regis

St. Chapelle

Robert of Sorbonne:  Collège de la Sorbonne

Hotel-Dieu

Emperor Frederick II:  Of faith in God, he had none.  He was crafty, wily, avaricious, lustful, malicious, wrathful; and yet a gallant man.  Times when he would show his kindness or courtesy; full of solace, jocund, delightful, fertile in devices … to be brief, if he had been rightly Catholic, and had loved God and His Church, he would have had few emperors his equal in the world.  (Fra Salimbene, OFM)

Hohenstaufen

“increased the inclination of this skeptical spirit toward a thorough empiricism”

Romanorum imperator semper Augustus; Jerusalem et Siciliae Rex

Stupor Mundi

Senator Matteo Orsini

Cardinal Robert of Somercote

Cardinal Sinibaldi Fieschi

Cardinal Godfrey of Castiglione

Agnani:  Innocent IV