XIII. FEUDAL BUT NOT FUTILE

Mark Bloch Feudal Society, Vol. 2

Duurstede on the Rhine estuary

Quentovic

Sarasens at Le Freinet

William count of Provençe, not Emperor Otto I

Theophylacts

Simony

867 A. D. monk of Prüm about Nicholas I the Great:

a pope who “commanded kings and tyrants and crushed them by his imposing figure, as if he were the leader of the whole world.”

Hadrian II

Archbishop of Rheims

Pope John VII & Duke Lambert of Spoleto

King Louis the Stammerer

Count Boso

Charles the Fat

Pope Marinus

Pope Stephen V

Cardinal Formosos

“Oddo, count of Paris, became the king of France, Boso took over Provençe, and Rudolph, Burgundy, while, in Germany, Arnulf had no opponents.  In Italy there was a struggle between Beregarius, the marque of Friuli, nephew of Louis the Pious on his mother’s side and Guido, the duke of Spoleto and Carerino, supported by numerous vassals in southern Italy.” Claudio Rendina

feudalism – “feudum”

vassal

comitatus + beneficium

“You can make a lad at puberty into a horseman, later than that, never!”

miles

knight – “Knecht”

Chevalier, Reiter or Ritter

Vassi dominici