XIII. FEUDAL BUT NOT FUTILE
Mark Bloch Feudal Society, Vol. 2
Duurstede on the Rhine estuary
Quentovic
Sarasens at Le Freinet
William count of Provençe, not Emperor Otto I
Theophylacts
Simony
867 A. D. monk of Prüm about Nicholas I the Great:
a pope who “commanded kings and tyrants and crushed them by his imposing figure, as if he were the leader of the whole world.”
Hadrian II
Archbishop of Rheims
Pope John VII & Duke Lambert of Spoleto
King Louis the Stammerer
Count Boso
Charles the Fat
Pope Marinus
Pope Stephen V
Cardinal Formosos
“Oddo, count of Paris, became the king of France, Boso took over Provençe, and Rudolph, Burgundy, while, in Germany, Arnulf had no opponents. In Italy there was a struggle between Beregarius, the marque of Friuli, nephew of Louis the Pious on his mother’s side and Guido, the duke of Spoleto and Carerino, supported by numerous vassals in southern Italy.” Claudio Rendina
feudalism – “feudum”
vassal
comitatus + beneficium
“You can make a lad at puberty into a horseman, later than that, never!”
miles
knight – “Knecht”
Chevalier, Reiter or Ritter
Vassi dominici